abstract：:We diagnosed leptospirosis in 2 patients exposed to southern flying squirrels imported from the United States to Japan. Patients worked with exotic animals in their company. Leptospira isolates from 1 patient and 5 of 10 squirrels at the company were genetically and serologically identical and were identified as Lepto...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Masuzawa T,Okamoto Y,Une Y,Takeuchi T,Tsukagoshi K,Koizumi N,Kawabata H,Ohta S,Yoshikawa Y

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and the frequent occurrence of ocular disease in Brazil. To identify the genotypes of parasite strains associated with ocular disease, we compared 25 clinical and animal isolates of Toxoplasma gondii from Brazil to previously characterized clonal lineages ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Khan A,Jordan C,Muccioli C,Vallochi AL,Rizzo LV,Belfort R Jr,Vitor RW,Silveira C,Sibley LD

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 420 rodents in China were examined for Francisella tularensis by polymerase chain reaction. The infection rates were 4.76% in total, and 11.65%, 10.00%, 6.56%, 1.77%, and 0% in Jilin, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that all the detected agents be...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Zhang F,Liu W,Chu MC,He J,Duan Q,Wu XM,Zhang PH,Zhao QM,Yang H,Xin ZT,Cao WC

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the context of tuberculosis (TB) resurgence, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is increasingly promoted, but concerns about the risk for development of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis may hinder its widespread implementation. We conducted a systematic review of data published since 1951 to assess the effect of pr...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Balcells ME,Thomas SL,Godfrey-Faussett P,Grant AD

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted a study in the summer of 2004 at county fairs in the Midwest to investigate the role poultry exhibits have in spreading avian pathogens to humans. A nearly invisible powder (pathogen surrogate) that fluoresces under UV light was surreptitiously sprinkled each day on 1 show bird at each of 2 fairs. A UV li...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Olson SR,Gray GC

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study is the first confirmation of Rickettsia felis in Australia. The organism was identified from 4 species of fleas obtained from dogs and cats in Western Australia, by using polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing of the citrate synthase and outer membrane protein A genes. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Schloderer D,Owen H,Clark P,Stenos J,Fenwick SG

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arboviruses have evolved a number of strategies to survive environmental challenges. This review examines the factors that may determine arbovirus emergence, provides examples of arboviruses that have emerged into new habitats, reviews the arbovirus situation in western Europe in detail, discusses potential arthropod ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Gould EA,Higgs S,Buckley A,Gritsun TS

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two different West Nile virus (WNV) strains caused lethal encephalitis in a flock of geese and a goshawk in southeastern Hungary in 2003 and 2004, respectively. During the outbreak in geese, 14 confirmed human cases of WNV encephalitis and meningitis were reported in the same area. Sequencing of complete genomes of bo...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Bakonyi T,Ivanics E,Erdélyi K,Ursu K,Ferenczi E,Weissenböck H,Nowotny N

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 1997-2005 tularemia outbreak in Bulgaria affected 285 people. Ten strains were isolated from humans, a tick, a hare, and water. Amplified fragment length polymorphism typing of the present isolates and of the strain isolated in 1962 suggests that a new genetic variant caused the outbreak. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Kantardjiev T,Ivanov I,Velinov T,Padeshki P,Popov B,Nenova R,Mincheff M

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rickettsia prowazekii is the causative agent of epidemic typhus and a potential bioterrorism agent. Sensitive and specific rapid assays are needed to complement existing methods of detecting this organism. We developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay by using a species-specific probe targeting...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Svraka S,Rolain JM,Bechah Y,Gatabazi J,Raoult D

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is increasingly a cause of enteric fever. Sequence analysis of an Indian isolate showed a unique strain with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin associated with double mutations in the DNA gyrase subunit gyrA (Ser83-->Phe and Asp87-->Gly) and a mutation in topoisomerase IV su...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Nair S,Unnikrishnan M,Turner K,Parija SC,Churcher C,Wain J,Harish N

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innovative regulatory and legislative measures to stimulate and facilitate the development of new antimicrobial drugs are needed. We discuss research approaches that can aid regulatory decision making on the treatment of resistant infections and minimization of resistance selection. We also outline current and future ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Metlay JP,Powers JH,Dudley MN,Christiansen K,Finch RG

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the role of ameba-associated microorganisms (AAMs) as etiologic agents of pneumonia, we screened for Legionella spp., Parachlamydia acanthamoeba, Afipia sp., Bosea spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Mesorhizobium amorphae, Rasbo bacterium, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus, and convention...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Berger P,Papazian L,Drancourt M,La Scola B,Auffray JP,Raoult D

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular methods applied to 2,855 strains of Campylobacter-like organisms received from a surveillance network of Campylobacter infections in France identified 29 Arcobacter butzleri infections. This species ranks fourth for Campylobacteraceae isolation and appears to have the same pathogenic potential as the other s...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Prouzet-Mauléon V,Labadi L,Bouges N,Ménard A,Mégraud F

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), which was responsible for the dengue fever outbreak in Yap State, Micronesia, in 2004, was isolated from serum samples of 4 dengue patients in Japan. Genome sequencing demonstrated that this virus belonged to genotype IV and had a 29-nucleotide deletion in the 3 noncoding region. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Nukui Y,Tajima S,Kotaki A,Ito M,Takasaki T,Koike K,Kurane I

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three worldwide (pandemic) outbreaks of influenza occurred in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957, and 1968. The latter 2 were in the era of modern virology and most thoroughly characterized. All 3 have been informally identified by their presumed sites of origin as Spanish, Asian, and Hong Kong influenza, respectively. T...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Kilbourne ED

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Asia and associated human infections have led to a heightened level of awareness and preparation for a possible influenza pandemic. Vaccination is the best option by which spread of a pandemic virus could be prevented and severity of disease reduced. Production ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Luke CJ,Subbarao K

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a case of ocular vaccinia infection in an unvaccinated laboratory worker. The patient was infected by a unique strain used in an experiment performed partly outside a biosafety cabinet. Vaccination should continue to be recommended, but laboratories with unvaccinated workers should also implement more string...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Lewis FM,Chernak E,Goldman E,Li Y,Karem K,Damon IK,Henkel R,Newbern EC,Ross P,Johnson CC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) in bat reservoirs in the Netherlands, native bats have been tested for rabies since 1984. For all collected bats, data including species, age, sex, and date and location found were recorded. A total of 1,219 serotine bats, Eptesicus serotinus, were tested, and 251 (21%) were pos...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Van der Poel WH,Van der Heide R,Verstraten ER,Takumi K,Lina PH,Kramps JA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidemiology of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in 4 upstate New York counties was described from data obtained from 2,216 incidences of PEP recorded by local health departments from 1995 to 2000. Overall annual incidence for the study period was 27 cases per 100,000 persons. Mean annual PEP incidence ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Blanton JD,Bowden NY,Eidson M,Wyatt JD,Hanlon CA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated a case of hepatitis E acquired after persons ate wild boar meat. Genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA was detected in both patient serum and wild boar meat. These findings provided direct evidence of zoonotic foodborne transmission of HEV from a wild boar to a human. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Li TC,Chijiwa K,Sera N,Ishibashi T,Etoh Y,Shinohara Y,Kurata Y,Ishida M,Sakamoto S,Takeda N,Miyamura T

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the 2003 rainy season, the clinical and serologic incidence of Rift Valley fever was assessed in small ruminant herds living around temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of the Ferlo, Senegal. No outbreak was detected by the surveillance system. Serologic incidence was estimated at 2.9% (95% confidenc...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Chevalier V,Lancelot R,Thiongane Y,Sall B,Diaité A,Mondet B

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the 2003 Kansas West Nile virus public education campaign. Awareness was widespread but compliance was low. Spanish-speaking persons were poorly informed. Relevant factors included population segment variability, campaign content, media choice, and materials delivery methods. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Averett E,Neuberger JS,Hansen G,Fox MH

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the epidemiology of relapsing fever from 1971 to 2003 in Israel. In civilians, incidence declined from 0.35 to 0.11 cases per 100,000 persons annually; in military personnel it averaged 6.4 cases per 100,000 persons annually. These data imply that the pathogen and vector continue to exist in Israel. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Sidi G,Davidovitch N,Balicer RD,Anis E,Grotto I,Schwartz E

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the first genetic characterization of wildtype measles viruses from Uganda. Thirty-six virus isolates from outbreaks in 6 districts were analyzed from 2000 to 2002. Analyses of sequences of the nucleoprotein (N) and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed that the Ugandan isolates were all closely related, and phylog...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Muwonge A,Nanyunja M,Rota PA,Bwogi J,Lowe L,Liffick SL,Bellini WJ,Sylvester S

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a notable cause of hospital-acquired infections. A statewide screening and control policy was implemented in Western Australia (WA) after an outbreak of epidemic MRSA in a Perth hospital in 1982. We report on statutory notifications from 1998 to 2002 a...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Dailey L,Coombs GW,O'Brien FG,Pearman JW,Christiansen K,Grubb WB,Riley TV

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of myocarditis occurred among adults in Illinois in 2003. Diagnostic testing of myocardial tissues from 3 patients and comprehensive tests for enterovirus and adenovirus of other specimens from patients were inconclusive. Appropriate specimen collection from patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and furt...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Huhn GD,Gross C,Schnurr D,Preas C,Yagi S,Reagan S,Paddock C,Passaro D,Dworkin MS

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquitoes and mosquitoborne disease transmission are sensitive to hydrologic variability. If local hydrologic conditions can be monitored or modeled at the scales at which these conditions affect the population dynamics of vector mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit, a means for monitoring or modeling mosquito p...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Shaman J,Day JF

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe 4 cases of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 13-associated pneumonia. These cases originate from a broad geographic range that includes Scotland, Australia, and New Zealand. L. pneumophila serogroup 13 pneumonia has a clinically diverse spectrum that ranges from relatively mild, community-acquired pneumonia...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Faris B,Faris C,Schousboe M,Heath CH

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe an outbreak of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection among Dutch participants at a scientific meeting in September 2001 in Bogor, Indonesia. Fifty percent of the investigated participants were positive for C. cayetanensis. To our knowledge, this outbreak is the first caused by C. cayetanensis among susceptible...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Blans MC,Ridwan BU,Verweij JJ,Rozenberg-Arska M,Verhoef J

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Connecticut established telephone-based gram-positive rod (GPR) reporting primarily to detect inhalational anthrax cases more quickly. From March to December 2003, annualized incidence of blood isolates was 21.3/100,000 persons; reports included 293 Corynebacterium spp., 193 Bacillus spp., 73 Clostridium spp., 26 Lact...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Begier EM,Barrett NL,Mshar PA,Johnson DG,Hadler JL,Connecticut Bioterrorism Field Epidemiology Response Team.

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:War wound infection and osteomyelitis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter species have been prevalent during the 2003-2005 military operations in Iraq. Twenty-three soldiers wounded in Iraq and subsequently admitted to our facility from March 2003 to May 2004 had wound cultures positive for Acinetobacter...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Davis KA,Moran KA,McAllister CK,Gray PJ

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the first known case of a device-related bloodstream infection involving Staphylococcus lugdunensis small-colony variants. Recurrent pacemaker-related bloodstream infection within a period of 10 months illustrates the poor clinical and microbiologic response even to prolonged antimicrobial drug therapy in a ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Seifert H,Oltmanns D,Becker K,Wisplinghoff H,von Eiff C

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification and prioritization of effective food safety interventions require an understanding of the relationship between food and pathogen from farm to consumption. Critical to this cause is food attribution, the capacity to attribute cases of foodborne disease to the food vehicle or other source responsible for ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Batz MB,Doyle MP,Morris G Jr,Painter J,Singh R,Tauxe RV,Taylor MR,Lo Fo Wong DM,Food Attribution Working Group.

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted a study of the distribution and prevalence of tickborne infections in Denmark by using roe deer as sentinels. Blood samples from 237 roe deer were collected during the 2002-2003 hunting season. Overall, 36.6% of deer were Borrelia seropositive, while 95.6% were Anaplasma phagocytophilum positive; all anim...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Skarphédinsson S,Jensen PM,Kristiansen K

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flooding in Dhaka in July 2004 caused epidemics of diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was almost as prevalent as Vibrio cholerae O1 in diarrheal stools. ETEC that produced heat-stable enterotoxin alone was most prevalent, and 78% of strains had colonization factors. Like V. cholerae O1, ETEC can cause e...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Qadri F,Khan AI,Faruque AS,Begum YA,Chowdhury F,Nair GB,Salam MA,Sack DA,Svennerholm AM

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To our knowledge, previous population-based surveys have not assessed misconceptions about antibacterial drug use over time. We documented a 26.3% decline in a key misconception in California women in 2003 compared to 2000; declines varied significantly by education level. Educational campaigns specifically designed t...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Cummings KC,Rosenberg J,Vugia DJ

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium infections in humans, and in particular MDR definitive phage type 104 (DT104), has increased substantially in many countries in the last 2 decades, often associated with increased illness. To examine the magnitude of this problem, a survey was conducted...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Helms M,Ethelberg S,Mølbak K,DT104 Study Group.

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates cultured from 6 patients associated with an isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis outbreak acquired rifampicin resistance. The rpoB gene sequence showed that resistance was associated with rare mutations in each isolate. Three isolates had a mutation outside the rifampicin resistance-...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Jenkins C

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After increasing from 1995 to 1999, invasive erythromycin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae rates per 100,000 decreased 53.6% in children from Baltimore, Maryland (US), from 1999 to 2001, which was partially attributed to strains related to the mefE-carrying England14-9 clone. The decline in infection rates was ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： McEllistrem MC,Adams JM,Shutt K,Sanza LT,Facklam RR,Whitney CG,Jorgensen JH,Harrison LH

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00